The slaves of the Catalan nuns

AI Briefing

• – Slavery had a centuries-long history in Catalonia, from ancient times to the Middle Ages.
• – The transition from slavery to serfs occurred between the 5th and 10th centuries, with pure slaves remaining in urban areas.
• – The term 'slave' resurfaced in the 13th century with the trafficking of men and women from the Black Sea and southern Europe.